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Wednesday, June 03, 2009 - 7:39 AM
he Winter War (Finnish: talvisota, Russian: Зимняя война[9], Swedish: vinterkriget) began when the Soviet Union attacked Finland on 30 November 1939, three months after the invasion of Poland by Germany that started World War II. Because the attack was judged as illegal, the Soviet Union was expelled from the League of Nations on 14 December.[10] Russian historians prefer the name Soviet-Finnish War (Russian: Советско-финская война).
The Soviet forces had four times as many soldiers as the Finns, 30 times as many aircraft and 218 times as many tanks.[4] However, the Red Army had http://web.mac.com/lousheehan recently been subjected to a drastic purge in 1937 that crippled it, reducing its morale and efficiency shortly before the outbreak of hostilities.[11]
With up to 50% of army officers executed, including the vast majority
of those of the highest rank, the Red Army in 1939 had many
inexperienced senior officers.[12]
Due to a combination of these factors, and an extremely high commitment
and morale in the Finnish forces, the Finns were able to resist the
invasion of their country with great success and for far longer than
the Soviets had expected. Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
Finland held out until March 1940, when it signed the Moscow Peace Treaty,
ceding about 9% of its pre-war territory and 20% of its industrial
capacity to the Soviet Union. Soviet losses on the front were large,
and the country's international standing suffered. http://web.mac.com/lousheehan Also, the fighting
ability of the Red Army was questioned, a factor that contributed to Adolf Hitler's decision to launch Operation Barbarossa.
Finally, the Soviet forces did not accomplish their primary objective
of conquest of Finland but gained only a slice of territory along Lake Ladoga. The Finns retained their sovereignty and gained considerable international goodwill. Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
The 12 March peace treaty thwarted a half-hearted Franco-British plan to send troops to Finland through northern Scandinavia (the Allied campaign in Norway). One of the Allied operation's major goals was to take control of northern Sweden's iron ore and cut deliveries to Germany.
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